Monthly Archives: September 2019

CL 9/3

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  1. Your brain is a mental muscle of learning. The way you learn matters and how to input it to make specific tools to open more when learning. So finding a way to experience learning can also be in video games which most people say it is a bad experience. It’s not what you are thinking but how your thinking.
  2. Johnson uses algebra for example that 99 percent of those kids will never again use outside the classroom. From John Dewey’s book “Experience and Education”, you can see that the brain is only focused on the task at hand not what they just learned from their last class 20 min ago. The fundamentals of the brain and the way it learns video games can do that because it gives them more chances to develop tools. The brain is a muscle that needs to be built up.
  3. The fundamentals of the brain and the way it learns catches the mental stability on how to get its learning and to make it building blocks to help you everyday in your life. Trustworthy, when an author’s argument reasons with readers experience. Reason=Logical=Makes sense given context.
  4. I do find the argument convincing because it has happen to me in some cases playing video games and I have witnessed other people do the same as well. So what comes from what people label as bad is also a good thing.

HW 9/3

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  • Critical readers must detect the relationship between the claim and its supporting material. They must also evaluate the relevance and validity of the support, and also “read between the lines”.
  • Critical reading means engaging through questioning the text.
  • Strategies for critical reading: Once through is not enough.
  • First encounters: Skimming for context, reading the content.
  • Second encounters: Reading to detect the case.
  • Third encounters: Responding to an argument.
  • Strategy: Before reading, skim (and surf) for context.
  • Strategy: Skim to preview the whole argument.
  • Strategy: Annotate as you read.
  • Strategy: Outlining the case
  • Strategy: Paraphrasing
  • Strategy: Summarizing
  • Strategy: Joining the Conversation
  • Rhetorical context means the background for the text, such as who it.
  • Questions for determining rhetorical context: WHO wrote this argument? What are the writer’s occupation, personal background, and political learnings? TO WHOM is the author writing? Arguments are usually aimed at a specific audience, such as entertainment industry moguls, undecided voters, or parents of teenagers. WHERE does the argument appear? If it is reprinted or inserted into a website, where did it originally appear? Is the source reliable? WHEN was the argument written? If not recently, what do you know about the circumstances in which it was written. WHY was the argument written? What is the Authors Purpose?
  • Analogy two things are compared in the hope that if the audience accepts something as true for one half of the comparison, then they will accept it as true for the other half.
  • Paraphrase requires very close reading and the ability to translate an entire idea into your own words.
  • Paraphrasing is not easy, but it helps you absorb the ideas and makes you think harder about them.
  • guidelines for paraphrasing:
  • 1. Read the whole argument.
  • 2. Look up any unfamiliar words or allusions.
  • 3. Read through the passage slowly, try to explain it to somebody who has not read it.
  • 4. Set the original passage aside.
  • 5. Write your own version of the passage.
  • 6. Use your own words, but do not strain to change every single word.
  • 7. If you take a phrase or a loaded word from the passage enclose it with quotation marks.
  • A summary includes just the main points of the original argument.
  • Chunking the Argument: Set up the topic or issue in a way that gets the readers’ attention. State the claim. Qualify the claim, explaining any exceptions. Define a key term or terms. Give background information on the topic. Give a reason and support it with evidence. Give an opposing view and refute it. Make a concession by agreeing with an opposing point. Conclude by driving home the point.

HW 8/29

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  • The Aims of Argument is based on two related concepts: argument and rhetoric.
  • Argument is defined as reasoned thinking.
  • Essence of an argument is a claim also defined as a thesis because it is what an argument attempts to prove, and a reason that supports the claim.
  • A reason is a sentence telling why the claim should be accepted as true.
  • Claim: Video games are intellectually stimulating.
  • Reason: Video games force players to weigh evidence, analyze situations, and quickly make correct decisions.
  • Reasons need to be supported with evidence, facts, examples, expert testimony, and so on.
  • Rhetoric is defined as the art of effective persuasion.
  • Ancient Greece was when rhetoric was invented about 2,500 years ago.
  • Rhetoric is used in many ways besides speech, any kind of communication, or symbol that has the potential to influence people.
  • Responsible Argument is used to distinguish those that show responsible reasoning from those that show poor, or carless, reasoning.
  • The four criteria of responsible reasoning is: 1.Responsible reasoners are well-informed. 2. Responsible reasoners are self-critical and open to constructive criticism from others. 3. Responsible reasoners argue with their audiences or readers in mind. 4. Responsible reasoners know their arguments contexts.
  • Responsible reasoners instead of just trying to argue they try to inquire into a question, problem, or issue to convince their readers to assent to an opinion or claim, to persuade readers to take action, and to mediate conflict.
  • Conviction is defined as an earned opinion achieved through careful thought research and discussion.
  • Persuasion attempts to influence not just thinking but also behavior.
  • Inquiry: Purpose is to seek truth. Audience is towards oneself, friends, and colleagues. Situation is informal; a dialogue. Method is used for questions.
  • Convincing: Purpose is to seek assent to a thesis. Audience is towards less intimate; wants careful reasoning. Situation is more formal; a monologue. Method is to make or develop a case.
  • Persuading: Purpose is to seek action. Audience is for more broadly public, less academic. Situation is pressing need for a decision. The method used to appeal to reasoning and emotions.
  • Mediating: Purpose is to seek consensus. Audience is polarized by differences. ituation is the need to cooperate, preserve relations. Method is “Give-and-take.”